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Table 2 Association between stroke severity on admission and discharge to rehabilitation comparing COVID-19 pandemic period 2020 to 2021 with pre-pandemic period 2017 to 2020

From: Trends in stroke severity at hospital admission and rehabilitation discharge before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Hesse, Germany: a register-based study

Monthly time period

Year

NIH Stroke Scale on admission

Modified Rankin Scale on admission

Discharge to rehabilitation after acute care

NIHSS > 6 points, %

Estimates

mRS > 2 points, %

Estimates

Rehabilitation rate, %

Estimates

Before pandemica

During pandemic

Change, %

Crude OR (95% CI)

Adjustedb OR (95% CI)

Before pandemica

During pandemic

Change, %

Crude OR (95% CI)

Adjustedb OR (95% CI)

Before pandemica

During pandemic

Change, %

Crude OR (95% CI)

Adjusted c OR (95% CI)

Jan 11 to Feb10

2020 vs 2017–2019

28.9

31.3

2.4

1.12 (0.97, 1.28)

1.11 (0.97, 1.28)

58.5

59.6

1.1

1.04 (0.92, 1.18)

1.03 (0.91, 1.17)

51.7

51.3

− 0.4

0.98 (0.86, 1.11)

0.98 (0.86, 1.11)

Feb 11 to Mar 10

2020 vs 2017–2019

29.3

28.7

− 0.6

0.97 (0.84, 1.11)

0.97 (0.84, 1.12)

60.1

59.3

− 0.8

0.96 (0.85, 1.09)

0.96 (0.85, 1.09)

51.4

52.2

0.8

1.03 (0.90, 1.17)

1.02 (0.89, 1.16)

Mar 11 to Apr 10

2020 vs 2017–2019

28.9

31.5

2.6

1.13 (0.98, 1.29)

1.11 (0.97, 1.28)

60.8

61.0

0.2

1.00 (0.88, 1.13)

0.99 (0.88, 1.13)

50.8

53.6

2.8

1.11 (0.98, 1.27)

1.11 (0.97, 1.26)

Apr 11 to May 10

2020 vs 2017–2019

28.6

29.2

− 0.6

1.02 (0.88, 1.19)

1.04 (0.89, 1.21)

58.7

57.0

− 1.7

0.93 (0.81, 1.06)

0.91 (0.79, 1.04)

50.4

48.2

− 2.2

0.91 (0.79, 1.04)

0.90 (0.78, 1.03)

May 11 to Jun 10

2020 vs 2017–2019

29.0

27.1

− 1.9

0.91 (0.79, 1.05)

0.90 (0.78, 1.04)

58.3

56.2

− 2.1

0.92 (0.81, 1.03)

0.90 (0.80, 1.02)

51.6

51.4

− 0.2

0.99 (0.87, 1.12)

1.00 (0.87, 1.13)

Jun 11 to Jul 10

2020 vs 2017–2019

27.6

27.9

0.3

1.01 (0.87, 1.17)

1.03 (0.89, 1.19)

58.8

57.1

− 1.7

0.93 (0.82, 1.06)

0.94 (0.83, 1.07)

52.9

52.1

0.8

0.96 (0.84, 1.10)

0.95 (0.83, 1.09)

Jul 11 to Aug 10

2020 vs 2017–2019

28.5

27.3

− 1.2

0.94 (0.81, 1.08)

0.93 (0.81, 1.08)

58.3

56.6

− 1.7

0.93 (0.81, 1.05)

0.93 (0.82, 1.06)

51.3

54.1

2.8

1.12 (0.98, 1.28)

1.13 (0.99, 1.29)

Aug 11 to Sep 10

2020 vs 2017–2019

29.1

29.2

0.1

1.00 (0.87, 1.15)

1.04 (0.90, 1.20)

59.9

56.4

− 3.5

0.86 (0.76, 0.97)

0.87 (0.77, 0.99)

48.8

50.2

1.4

1.05 (0.92, 1.20)

1.04 (0.91, 1.18)

Sep 11 to Oct 10

2020 vs 2017–2019

27.8

24.7

− 3.1

0.85 (0.73, 0.99)

0.85 (0.73, 0.99)

57.5

55.2

− 2.3

0.91 (0.80, 1.03)

0.93 (0.81, 1.06)

49.5

48.9

− 0.6

0.97 (0.85, 1.11)

0.97 (0.85, 1.11)

Oct 11 to Nov 10

2020 vs 2017–2019

28.0

27.9

− 0.1

0.99 (0.86, 1.15)

0.98 (0.85, 1.14)

59.0

57.2

− 1.8

0.92 (0.81, 1.04)

0.92 (0.81, 1.04)

52.2

48.4

− 3.8

0.85 (0.75, 0.97)

0.86 (0.75, 0.98)

Nov 11 to Dec 10

2020 vs 2017–2019

30.2

28.5

− 1.7

0.92 (0.79, 1.06)

0.91 (0.79, 1.06)

58.9

58.1

− 0.8

0.96 (0.85, 1.09)

0.96 (0.84, 1.09)

50.9

45.5

− 5.4

0.80 (0.70, 0.91)

0.80 (0.70, 0.92)

Dec 11 to Jan 10

2020–2021 vs 2017–2019

29.1

28.8

− 0.3

0.98 (0.85, 1.14)

1.01 (0.86, 1.17)

61.2

58.3

− 2.9

0.88 (0.77, 1.00)

0.91 (0.79, 1.04)

51.7

47.1

− 4.0

0.83 (0.72, 0.95)

0.82 (0.72, 0.95)

Jan 11 to Feb 10

2021 vs 2017–2019

28.9

28.9

0.0

1.00 (0.87, 1.15)

0.99 (0.96, 1.14)

58.5

58.6

0.1

1.00 (0.88, 1.13)

1.00 (0.88, 1.13)

51.7

49.8

− 1.9

0.92 (0.81, 1.05)

0.92 (0.81, 1.05)

Feb 11 to Mar 10

2021 vs 2017–2019

29.3

27.8

− 1.5

0.92 (0.79, 1.07)

0.93 (0.80, 1.08)

60.1

58.5

− 1.6

0.93 (0.82, 1.06)

0.94 (0.82, 1.07)

51.4

48.4

− 3.0

0.88 (0.77, 1.01)

0.88 (0.76, 1.00)

Mar 11 to Apr 10

2021 vs 2017–2019

28.9

27.7

− 1.2

0.94 (0.81, 1.08)

0.95 (0.82, 1.10)

60.8

55.5

− 5.3

0.80 (0.70, 0.90)

0.80 (0.71, 0.91)

50.8

46.0

− 4.8

0.82 (0.72, 0.93)

0.82 (0.72, 0.93)

Apr 11 to May 10

2021 vs 2017–2019

28.6

27.8

− 0.8

0.95 (0.82, 1.10)

0.96 (0.83, 1.12)

58.7

60.2

1.5

1.06 (0.93, 1.20)

1.04 (0.91, 1.19)

50.4

49.2

− 1.2

0.95 (0.83, 1.08)

0.94 (0.83, 1.08)

May 11 to Jun 10

2021 vs 2017–2019

29.0

24.9

− 4.1

0.81 (0.70, 0.93)

0.81 (0.70, 0.94)

58.3

57.9

− 0.4

0.98 (0.83, 1.10)

0.98 (0.86, 1.10)

51.6

46.6

− 5.0

0.82 (0.72, 0.929

0.82 (0.72, 0.93)

Jun 11 to Jul 10

2021 vs 2017–2019

27.6

29.1

1.5

1.08 (0.93, 1.25)

1.09 (0.95, 1.27)

58.8

58.7

− 0.1

0.99 (0.87, 1.13)

1.00 (0.88, 1.14)

52.9

47.8

− 5.1

0.81 (0.71, 0.93)

0.80 (0.70, 0.91)

Jul 11 to Aug 10

2021 vs 2017–2019

28.5

26.2

− 2.3

0.89 (0.76, 1.03)

0.89 (0.77, 1.04)

58.3

56.6

− 1.7

0.93 (0.82, 1.05)

0.93 (0.82, 1.06)

51.3

49.6

− 1.7

0.93 (0.81, 1.06)

0.93 (0.81, 1.06)

Aug 11 to Sep 10

2021 vs 2017–2019

29.1

29.0

− 0.1

0.99 (0.86, 1.14)

0.98 (0.85, 1.13)

59.9

59.8

− 0.1

0.99 (0.88, 1.12)

0.97 (0.85, 1.10)

48.8

51.1

1.3

1.09 (0.96, 1.24)

1.09 (0.96, 1.24)

Sep 11 to Oct 10

2021 vs 2017–2019

27.8

27.2

− 0.6

0.97 (0.83, 1.12)

0.99 (0.85, 1.15)

57.5

58.2

0.7

1.03 (0.90, 1.17)

1.07 (0.94, 1.22)

49.5

47.5

− 2.0

0.92 (0.80, 1.05)

0.91 (0.79, 1.04)

Oct 11 to Nov 10

2021 vs 2017–2019

28.0

28.4

0.4

1.01 (0.88, 1.17)

1.03 (0.89, 1.19)

59.0

58.0

− 1.0

0.95 (0.84, 1.08)

0.99 (0.88, 1.13)

52.2

48.7

− 3.5

0.87 (0.76, 0.98)

0.86 (0.76, 0.98)

Nov 11 to Dec 10

2021 vs 2017–2019

30.2

25.7

− 4.5

0.80 (0.69, 0.92)

0.79 (0.68, 0.91)

58.9

58.3

− 0.6

0.97 (0.86, 1.10)

0.96 (85, 1.09)

50.9

48.7

− 2.2

0.91 (0.80, 1.03)

0.91 (0.80, 1.04)

  1. %, proportion, OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval
  2. aAverage from 2017 to 2019
  3. bAdjusted for age, sex, and type of stroke
  4. cAdjusted for age, sex, type of stroke, and mRS score at discharge
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