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Fig. 1 | Neurological Research and Practice

Fig. 1

From: Conditioned pain modulation in drug-naïve patients with de novo Parkinson’s disease

Fig. 1

Experimental sequences of the CPM paradigm used in this study. (a whole experiment, b temporal components of trials). During block 1 and 3, the test stimulus (TS) was applied alone, whereas during block 2, the TS and a conditioning stimulus (= cold pressor task using ice water; CS) were applied concurrently. Subjects had to rate the pain intensity of TS and CS on a visual analogue scale (VAS)

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