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Table 1 Demographic, clinical and neuropsychological data of the LH stroke patient groups undergoing anodal or sham tDCS (applied over left posterior parietal cortex, PPC)

From: Anodal tDCS over left parietal cortex expedites recovery from stroke-induced apraxic imitation deficits: a pilot study

 

Anodal group

n = 14

Sham group

n = 16

Statistical parameters of the group comparisons

Age (years)

58.4 (±13)

59.8 (±13)

t(28) = .305, p = .762

Gender (female/male)

1/13

4/ 12

X2(1) = 1.714, p = .336

Time post stroke (median in days)

25.5

23.0

t(28) = .751, p = .459

Days till follow-up

100.9 (±7.0)

99.4 (±10.7)

t(23) = −.396, p = .696

MMSE (max. 30)

28.0 (±1.5)

28.3 (±0.9)

t(21) = .604, p = .552

HADS Anxiety score (max. 21, cut-off > 7)

5.2 (±3.5)

4.3 (±3.8)

t(26) = −.641, p = .527

HADS Depression score (max. 21, cut-off > 7)

5.0 (±3.1)

3.7 (±2.7)

t(26) = − 1.157, p = .258

LQ

96.0 (±8.0)

95.3 (±8.5)

t(28) = −.248, p = .806

MRC paresis scale (right hand, max. 5)

3.8 (±2.1)

4.6 (±0.5)

t(28) = 1.447, p = .169

Relative grip force of the contra-lesional right hand (%, in relation to the ipsi-lesional left hand)

65.8 (±10.1)

78.0 (±7.4)

t(28) = .981, p = .335

mRS

2.5 (±1.2)

2.0 (±1.0)

t(28) = −1.165, p = .254

ACL-K (max. 40, cut-off < 33)

25.4 (±11.5)

28.8 (±10.7)

t(28) = .837, p = .410

KAS total score (left hand, max. 80, cut-off < 77)

70.6 (±8.6)

70.4 (±13.5)

t(28) = −.047, p = .963

KAS pantomime score (max. 40)

36.1 (±5.0)

35.7 (±4.5)

t(28) = −.263, p = .794

KAS imitation score (max. 40)

34.4 (±4.8)

34.4 (±9.2)

t(28) = −.019, p = .985

De Renzi actual object use test (left hand, max. 32)

31.4 (±0.9)

31.0 (±2.0)

t(28) = −.744, p = .463

  1. Given are the means and the standard deviations from the mean (SD, in parenthesis; if not stated differently). There were no significant differences between the anodal and the sham patient groups for any variable (all p > .1)
  2. LH left hemisphere, tDCS transcranial direct current stimulation, PPC posterior parietal cortex, MMSE Mini Mental State Examination, HADS Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, LQ Laterality quotient as assessed by the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory, MRC paresis scale Medical Research Council rating scale for assessing paresis, mRS modified Rankin scale, ACL-K Aphasia Check List-short version, KAS Cologne Apraxia Screening