Table 1 Summary of the clinical characteristics and concentrations of CSF-biomarkers assessed in n = 24 CSVD patients (continuous data given as mean ± SD unless otherwise stated)
Age (years) | 73.8 ± 8.5 |
Sex | 17 males, 7 females |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 157.9 ± 26.9 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 84.5 ± 14.2 |
Low density lipoprotein (mmol/L) | 2.3 ± 0.9 |
Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c; mmol/mol) | 39.4 ± 4.6 |
Number of antihypertensive medications | |
One (n) | 13 |
Two (n) | 5 |
Three (n) | 6 |
Mini mental state examination score (MMSE) (median, 25–75 percentile) | 27 (24–28) |
Magnetic resonance imaging lesion load (WMH) (mm3) (median, 25–75 percentile) | 33.2 (13.5–45.9) |
Number of Lacunes (median, 25–75 percentile) | 2 (0.75–3.25) |
Number of microbleeds (median, 25–75 percentile) | 2 (0–7.0) |
Visible Virchow-Robin perivascular spaces | |
none (n) | 5 |
present (n) | 19 |
Fazekas-Score [13] | |
One (n) | 6 |
Two (n) | 10 |
Three (n) | 8 |
Chitinase 3 like 1 (CHI3L1) (ng/ml) | 169.6 (± 60.4) |
Glial fibrillary acidic proteins (GFAP) (ng/ml) (median, 25–75 percentile) | 14.2 (10.1–18.4) |
Phosphorylated neurofilament heavy chain (pNfH) (pg/ml) (median, 25–75 percentile) | 663 (480–1022) |
Zona occludens 1 (ZO-1) (pg/ml) (median, 25–75 percentile) | 1005 (783–1377) |