Table 1 Baseline and outcome parameters of patients admitted to the stroke unit
Time interval | A March 16–April 12 in 2019, same time interval one year before COVID-19 spring lockdown | B March 16–April 12 in 2020, COVID-19 spring lockdown | C November 2–November 29 in 2020, COVID-19 fall lockdown light | p-value, test | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n= | 70 | 63 | 68 | ||||
Median age (IQR) | 79 (69–85) | 77 (64–82) | 80 (62–85) | ns, ANOVA | |||
Male gender | 32 (45.7%) | 30 (47.6%) | 32 (47.1%) | ns, Kruskal-Wallis-Test | |||
Vascular risk factors | |||||||
Arterial hypertension | 55 (78.6%) | 44 (69.8%) | 49 (72.1%) | ns, Kruskal-Wallis-Test | |||
Diabetes Mellitus | 14 (20%) | 18 (28.6%) | 17 (25.0%) | ns, Kruskal-Wallis-Test | |||
Hyperlipidemia | 27 (38.6%) | 18 (28.6%) | 23 (33.8%) | ns, Kruskal-Wallis-Test | |||
Coronary heart disease | 14 (20%) | 9 (14.3%) | 13 (19.1%) | ns, Kruskal-Wallis-Test | |||
Smoking | 5 (7.1%) | 10 (15.9%) | 8 (11.9%) | ns, Kruskal-Wallis-Test | |||
Peripheral artery disease | 3 (4.3%) | 5 (7.9%) | 3 (4.4%) | ns, Kruskal-Wallis-Test | |||
No vascular risk factors | 6 (8.6%) | 4 (6.3%) | 0 (0%) | ns, Kruskal-Wallis-Test | |||
Type of stroke | |||||||
Cerebral infarction | 53 (75.7%) | 47 (74.6%) | 53 (77.9%) | ns, Kruskal-Wallis-Test | |||
TIA | 11 (15.7%) | 10 (15.9%) | 11 (16.2%) | ns, Kruskal-Wallis-Test | |||
Intracerebral hemorrhage | 6 (8.6%) | 6 (9.5%) | 4 (5.9%) | ns, Kruskal-Wallis-Test | |||
Ischemic stroke etiology | |||||||
Cardioembolic | 23 (32.9%) | 21 (33.3%) | 13 (19.1%) | ns, Kruskal-Wallis-Test | |||
Embolic stroke of undetermined source | 6 (8.6%) | 10 (15.9%) | 19 (27.9%) | ns, Kruskal-Wallis-Test | |||
Microangiopathic | 12 (17.1%) | 13 (20.6%) | 6 (8.8%) | ns, Kruskal-Wallis-Test | |||
Macroangiopathic/Large artery arteriosclerosis | 10 (14.3%) | 4 (6.3%)* | 21 (30.9%)* | *p < 0.05 for B and C, Kruskal-Wallis-Test | |||
Patent foramen ovale associated | 5 (7.1%) | 3 (4.8%) | 3 (4.4%) | ns, Kruskal-Wallis-Test | |||
Unknown ischemic stroke etiology | 8 (11.4%) | 6 (9.5%) | 12 (17.6%) | ns, Kruskal-Wallis-Test | |||
Large vessel occlusion (ICA, carotid T, M1, M2, basilar artery) | 25 (36%) | 11 (17%) | 15 (22%) | ns, Kruskal-Wallis-Test | |||
Clinical and intrahospital management characteristics | |||||||
I.v. thrombolysis | 17 (24.3%) | 15 (23.8%) | 14 (20.6%) | ns, Kruskal-Wallis-Test | |||
Endovascular therapy | 21 (30%)* | 8 (12.7%)* | 10 (14.7%) | *p < 0.05 for A and B, Kruskal-Wallis-Test | |||
Admission within 4.5 h after stroke onset | 21 (30%) | 21 (33.3%) | 32 (47.1%) | ns, Kruskal-Wallis-Test | |||
Median onset to door time in minutes (IQR) | 99.0 (57.0–445.25) | n = 32 | 120.5 (55.5–300.5) | n = 32 | 120 (59–684) | n = 37 | ns, Kruskal-Wallis-Test |
Median door to needle time in minutes (IQR) | 47 (37.3–57.3) | n = 7 | 42 (20–62.5) | n = 13 | 40 (28.25–78.75) | n = 12 | ns, ANOVA |
Median door to groin puncture time in minutes (IQR) | 77 (32–116) | n = 19 | 85 (36–85) | n = 7 | 121.50 (26.25–176.25) | n = 8 | ns, ANOVA |
Median NIHSS at admission (IQR) | 4 (1–11) | n = 68 | 4 (1.8–10) | n = 62 | 5 (1.5–8) | n = 65 | ns, Kruskal-Wallis-Test |
Median NIHSS at discharge (IQR) | 1 (0–4) | n = 59 | 1 (0–5) | n = 54 | 1 (0–5.5) | n = 61 | ns, Kruskal-Wallis-Test |
Median mRS at admission (IQR) | 3 (1–5) | n = 70 | 3 (2–4) | n = 63 | 3 (2–4) | n = 68 | ns, Kruskal-Wallis-Test |
Median mRS at discharge (IQR) | 2 (0–4) | n = 69 | 2 (1–4) | n = 63 | 2 (1–4) | n = 68 | ns, Kruskal-Wallis-Test |
Median In-hospital days (IQR) | 6 (4–9) | 6 (4–9) | 7.5 (5–11) | ns, Kruskal-Wallis-Test | |||
In-hospital deaths | 9 (12.9%) | 8 (12.7%) | 7 (10.3%) | ns, Kruskal-Wallis-Test | |||