Table 1 Summary of Literature Search: scores to prognosticate outcome after spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage
From: Prognostication after intracerebral hemorrhage: a review
| Study (First Author, publication year) | Score name | Geographic location of derivation cohort (N of score derivation cohort) | Score components | Outcome measure(s) | Timing of outcome measures (in original score publication) | Score performance measures (in original score publication) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tuhrim et al., 1988 [11] | No name | USA (82) |
GCS ICH volume Pulse pressure | Mortality | 30 days | Expected-observed classification |
| Tuhrim et al., 1991 [12] | No name | USA (191) |
GCS ICH volume IVH Pulse pressure | Mortality | 30 days | Expected-observed classification |
| Broderick et al., 1993 [13] | No name | USA (188) |
GCS ICH volume | Mortality | 30 days | Sensitivity, specificity, PPV |
| Masé et al., 1995 [14] | No name | Italy (138) |
GCS ICH volume IVH | Mortality | 30 days | Expected-observed classification |
| Hemphill et al., 2001 [15] | ICH score | USA (152) |
Age GCS ICH volume Infratentorial origin IVH | Mortality | 30 days | Descriptive |
| Cheung et al., 2003 [16] | New ICH score | Hong Kong (142) |
IVH NIHSS Pulse pressure Subarachnoid extension Temperature |
Mortality Favorable outcome (mRS < 3) | 30 days | Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, Youden index |
| Godoy et al., 2006 [17] |
Modified ICH Scores (mICH-A, −B) | Argentina (153) |
Age Comorbidity GCS ICH volume IVH Infratentorial origin |
Mortality Favorable outcome (GOS 4–5) |
30 days (mort.) 6 months (GOS) | Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, AUC, Youden index |
| Weimar et al., 2006 [9] | Essen ICH score | Germany (260) |
Age Level of consciousness NIHSS |
Functional recovery (BI > 90) Favorable outcome (GOS 4–5, or BI > 50) |
100 days (functional recovery) 6 and 12 months (favorable outcome) | Sensitivity, specificity, AUC, external validation (independent cohort, n = 173) |
| Ruiz-Sandoval et al., 2007 [18] | ICH grading scale | Mexico (378) |
Age GCS ICH volume (supratentorial or infratentorial) IVH Location | Mortality |
In-hospital 30 days | AUC, R2 |
| Cho et al., 2008 [19] | Modified ICH score (mICH score) | China (226) |
GCS ICH volume IVH or hydrocephalus |
Mortality Favorable outcome (GOS 4–5 OR BI > 50) |
6 months 12 months (both endpoints at both time points) | AUC, Youden index |
| Rost et al., 2008 [20] | FUNC score | USA (418) |
Age GCS ICH location ICH volume Pre-ICH cognitive impairment | Functional independence (GOS 4–5) | 90 days |
AUC, External validation (in independent patient cohort from same institution, n = 211) |
| Chuang et al., 2009 [21] | Simplified ICH score | Taiwan (293) |
Age Dialysis dependence GCS History of hypertension Serum glucose | Mortality | 30 days | Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, positive/negative likelihood ratios, AUC |
| Li et al., 2012 [22] | ICH Index (ICHI) | China (227) |
Age GCS Glucose WBC | Mortality | In-hospital | AUC |
| Ji et al., 2013 [23] | ICH functional outcome score (ICH-FOS) | China (1953) |
Age GCS Glucose ICH location ICH volume (supratentorial or infratentorial) IVH NIHSS |
Mortality Unfavorable outcome (mRS 3–6) |
30 days 3, 6, and 12 months | Hosmer-Lemeshow test, AUC, external validation (in independent patient cohort from same institution, n = 1302) |
| Romero et al., 2013 [24] | Spot sign score (SSSc) | USA (131) |
CT characteristics Number of spot signs Maximum axial dimension Maximum attenuation |
[ICH expansion] Mortality Unfavorable outcome |
In-hospital (mortality) 3 months (mortality and unfavorable outcome) | Descriptive |
| Zis et al., 2015 [25] | Emergency department ICH score (EDICH) | Greece (191) |
GCS ICH location ICH volume INR IVH | Mortality | 30 days | Sensitivity, specificity, AUC |
| Gupta et al., 2017 [26] | ICH outomes project (ICHOP) scores (ICHOP3, ICHOP12) | USA (365) |
APACHE II GCS ICH volume NIHSS Pre-morbid mRS | Unfavorable outcome (mRS 4–6) | 3 and 12 months | AUC, McFadden R2, Cox&Snell R2, Nagelkerke R2 |
| Sembill et al., 2017 [27] | Max ICH score | Germany (583) |
Age IVH Lobar ICH volume NIHSS Non-lobar ICH volume Oral anticoagulation | Unfavorable outcome (mRS 4–6) | 12 months | AUC, Youden index |
| Braksick et al., 2018 [28] | ICH scoreFS | USA (274) |
Age FOUR score ICH volume Infratentorial origin IVH | Mortality | 30 days | AUC |