Treatment of progressive multiple sclerosis with high-dose all-trans retinoic acid – no clear evidence of positive disease modifying effects

Table 1 Clinical characteristics of patients

Patient No	0 (Index)	1	2	3	Control cohort
Sex	female	female	male	male	female n = 31, male n = 19
Age	56	59	60	39	Mean = 53,9 ± 3.1 [range 28–82]
Course of MS	SPMS	PPMS	PPMS	SPMS	PPMS n = 26 SPMS n = 24
Age of disease onset	15 (RRMS) / 23 (SPMS)	52	58	29 (RRMS) / 35 (SPMS)	Mean = 40.6 ± 3.8 [range 18–71]
EDSS baseline	6.5	5.0	5.5	4.0	4.92 ± 0.23 [range 1.5–7.5]
Previous treatment	Azathioprine, betaferon, e MP q3m, mitoxantrone	Mitoxantrone, MP q3m	MP q3m	Glatiramer acetat, fingolimod, teriflunomide, MP q3m	various
Concomitant treatment	Botolinum toxin q3m	Fampridin, L-Thyroxin	Pramipexol	THC/CBD-spray	various

PPMS primary progressive multiple sclerosis, SPMS secondary progressive multiple sclerosis, EDSS extended disease severity score, MP q3m high dose intra-venous methyprednisolone (1000 mg/day for 3–5 days) every 3 months

ISSN: 2524-3489