From: Diagnosis and treatment of neurogenic dysphagia – S1 guideline of the German Society of Neurology
Additional neurological symptoms | Differential diagnoses |
---|---|
Acute CNS symptoms | cerebral infarctions/bleeding |
relapse of multiple sclerosis | |
Slowly progressive CNS symptoms | brain tumors |
chronic progressive multiple sclerosis | |
Brainstem symptoms | brainstem infarctions/bleeding |
multiple sclerosis | |
listeria rhombencephalitis | |
paraneoplastic brainstem encephalitis | |
Neurocognitive disorders | Alzheimer’s disease |
vascular dementia | |
frontotemporal lobar degeneration | |
Lewy body dementia | |
progressive supranuclear palsy | |
Extrapyramidal motor symptoms | Parkinson’s disease |
Huntington’s disease | |
Dystonias | |
Neuroleptic-induced dysphagia | |
Wilson’s disease | |
Progressive bulbar paralysis | Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis |
Pseudobulbar paralysis | |
Primary lateral sclerosis | |
Arnold–Chiari malformation, type I | |
Kennedy’s disease | |
Post-polio syndrome | |
IgLON5 bulbar paralysis | |
Cerebellar symptoms | Multiple sclerosis |
Hereditary ataxias | |
Niemann–Pick disease, type C | |
Subacute cerebellar degeneration | |
Cranial nerve palsies | Skull base tumors |
Meningeosis neoplastica | |
Basal meningitis | |
Subtypes of Guillain–Barré syndrome | |
Ptosis and/or ocular symptoms | Subtypes of Guillain–Barré syndrome |
Myasthenia gravis | |
Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome | |
Botulism | |
Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy | |
Mitochondrial myopathies | |
Oculopharyngodistal myopathy | |
Neuropathy | Guillain–Barré syndrome |
Critical illness neuropathy | |
Myopathy | Myositis |
Myotonic dystrophies | |
Duchenne muscular dystrophy | |
Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy | |
Mitochondrial myopathies | |
Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy | |
Oculopharyngodistal myopathy | |
Myotonic syndrome | Myotonic dystrophies |
Trismus and/or risus sardonicus | Tetanus |