Table 2 Characteristics of all CVST-patients, all CVST-patients with Follow-up Data, CVST- patients without IH and with IH. Age is expressed as median (min-max) with *Mann-Whitney-U-Test, categorical data expressed as n (%) with Chi-Square-Test
All CVST (n = 102) | All CVST with Follow-up Data (n = 70) | CVST without IH (n = 63) | CVST with IH (n = 7) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender female | 75 (73.5%) | 51 (72.9%) | 46 (73%) | 5 (71.4%) | 0.93 |
Age, years | 40.5 (17–77) | 40.5 (17–77) | 41 (17–77) | 40 (19–67) | 0.83* |
Symptoms and signs | |||||
Headache | 84 (82.4%) | 58 (82.9%) | 52 (82.5%) | 6 (85.7%) | 0.83 |
Isolated headache | 23 (22.5%) | 19 (27.1%) | 17 (27%) | 2 (28.6%) | 0.93 |
Visual disturbance | 20 (19.6%) | 17 (24.3%) | 13 (20.6%) | 4 (57.1%) | 0.03 |
Paresis | 25 (24.5%) | 16 (22.9%) | 15 (23.8%) | 1 (14.3%) | 0.57 |
Aphasia | 16 (15.7%) | 7 (10%) | 7 (11.1%) | – | 0.35 |
Focal seizures | 14 (13.7%) | 12 (17.1%) | 11 (17.5%) | 1 (14.3%) | 0.80 |
Seizure with generalization | 23 (22.6%) | 12 (17.1%) | 12 (19%) | – | 0.20 |
Any seizure | 37 (36.3%) | 26 (37.1%) | 25 (39.7%) | 1 (14.3%) | 0.19 |
Mental status disorder | 14 (13.7%) | 8 (11.4%) | 7 (11.1%) | 1 (14.3%) | 0.80 |
Disturbed consciousness | 13 (12.7%) | 4 (5.7%) | 4 (6.3%) | – | 0.49 |
CT/MR findings | |||||
Infarct one hemisphere | 19 (18.6%) | 11 (15.7%) | 11 (17.5%) | – | 0.23 |
Infarct both hemispheres | 5 (4.9%) | 2 (2.9%) | 2 (3.2%) | – | 0.63 |
Hemorrhage one hemisphere | 35 (34.3%) | 21 (30%) | 18 (28.6%) | 3 (42.9%) | 0.43 |
Hemorrhage both hemispheres | 9 (8.8%) | 4 (5.7%) | 4 (6.3%) | – | 0.49 |
Occluded sinus/vein | |||||
Superior sagittal sinus | 43 (42.5%) | 30 (42.9%) | 28 (44.4%) | 2 (28.6%) | 0.42 |
One/Both lateral sinus | 75 (73.5%)/7 (6.9%) | 53 (75.7%)/5 (7.1%) | 47 (74.6%)/4 (6.3%) | 6 (85.7%)/1 (14.3%) | 0.52 / 0.44 |
Straight sinus | 14 (13.7%) | 9 (12.9%) | 8 (12.7%) | 1 (14.3%) | 0.91 |
Inner cerebral veins | 8 (7.8%) | 3 (4.3%) | 3 (4.8%) | – | 0.56 |
Cortical veins | 23 (22.6%) | 17 (24.3%) | 16 (25.3%) | 1 (14.3%) | 0.52 |
Jugular veins | 36 (35.3%) | 28 (40%) | 24 (38.1%) | 4 (57.2%) | 0.33 |
Multiple thrombosis in more than one dural sinus/vein | 62 (60.8%) | 48 (68.6%) | 43 (68.3%) | 5 (71.4%) | 0.86 |
Thrombus extending from lateral sinus into jugular vein | 34 (33.3%) | 27 (38.6%) | 23 (36.5%) | 4 (57.2%) | 0.29 |
Risk factors | |||||
Thrombophilia | 28 (27.5%) | 20 (28.6%) | 19 (30.2%) | 1 (14.3%) | 0.38 |
Malignancy | 11 (10.8%) | 5 (7.1%) | 4 (6.3%) | 1 (14.3%) | 0.44 |
Pregnancy | 1 (1%) | 1 (1.4%) | 1 (1.6%) | – | 0.74 |
Puerperium | 1 (1%) | – | – | – | – |
Oral contraceptives | 25 (24.5%) | 21 (30%) | 19 (30.2%) | 2 (28.6%) | 0.93 |
Vaginal ring | 6 (5.9%) | 6 (8.6%) | 6 (9.5%) | – | 0.39 |
Steroid therapy | 13 (12.7%) | 9 (12.9%) | 9 (14.3%) | – | 0.28 |
Cytotoxic therapy | 8 (7.8%) | 4 (5.7%) | 4 (6.3%) | – | 0.49 |
Smoking | 9 (8.8%) | 7 (10%) | 6 (9.5%) | 1 (14.3%) | 0.69 |
Head injury | 4 (3.9%) | 3 (4.3%) | 3 (4.8%) | – | 0.56 |
Treatment – acute phase | |||||
LMWH | 74 (72.5%) | 55 (78.6%) | 49 (77.8%) | 6 (85.7%) | 0.63 |
Heparine i.v. | 24 (23.5%) | 13 (18.6%) | 13 (20.6%) | – | 0.18 |
Hemicraniectomy | 7 (6.9%) | 4 (5.7%) | 4 (6.3%) | – | 0.49 |
Mechanical thrombectomy | 11 (10.8%) | 4 (5.7%) | 3 (4.8%) | 1 (14.3%) | 0.30 |
Treatment – post-acute phase | |||||
OAK | 39 (38.2%) | 29 (41.4%) | 26 (41.3%) | 3 (42.9%) | 0.94 |
NOAK | 44 (43.1%) | 35 (50%) | 31 (49.2%) | 4 (57.1%) | 0.69 |
Rivaroxaban | 25 (24.5%) | 21 (30%) | 19 (30.2%) | 2 (28.6%) | 0.93 |
Dabigatran | 18 (17.6%) | 13 (18.6%) | 12 (19%) | 1 (14.3%) | 0.76 |
Outcome at discharge | |||||
mRS 0–2 at discharge | 75 (73.5%) | 58 (82.9%) | 51 (81%) | 7 (100%) | 0.20 |
Outcome at follow-up | |||||
mRS 0–2 at follow-up | 65 (92.9%) | 58 (92.1%) | 7 (100%) | 0.44 | |
Complete recanalization | 18 (25.7%) | 16 (25.4%) | 2 (28.6%) | 0.86 | |
Partial recanalization | 47 (67.1%) | 44 (69.8%) | 3 (42.9%) | 0.15 | |
No recanalization | 5 (7.1%) | 3 (4.8%) | 2 (28.6%) | 0.02 | |
Recurrent sinus thrombosis | 6 (8.6%) | 2 (3.2%) | 4 (57.1%) | < 0.001 | |