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Table 3 Comparisons of health-related quality of life among individuals with TSC, as measured by the QOLIE-31 (German version) questionnaire, according to several potential predictors and assessed using the Kruskal–Wallis and Chi-square tests

From: Quality of life and its predictors in adults with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC): a multicentre cohort study from Germany

Predictor

Measure

N

Category

Mean

± SD

95% CI

p-value*

Sociodemographic aspects

 Sex

VAS

65

Male

64.2

19.9

59.2–69.1

0.790

55

Female

63.6

22.1

57.6–69.5

Overall score

65

Male

62.2

20.2

57.5–67.2

0.277

55

Female

65.5

19.0

60.3–70.6

 Age

VAS

55

18–28 y

67.1

20.3

61.6–72.6

0.136

63

29–61 y

60.9

21.0

55.6–66.2

Overall score

55

18–28 y

64.4

20.6

58.9–70.0

0.666

53

29–61 y

62.7

19.0

57.9–67.5

 Employment

VAS

49

Yes

70.6

19.7

64.9–76.2

0.001†

34

No

54.7

20.8

46.4–60.9

Overall score

49

Yes

71.7

19.9

66.9–76.4

< 0.001†

34

No

51.5

16.5

44.5–58.4

 Grade of disability

VAS

38

0–80

65.0

17.4

59.2–70.7

0.008†

56

90–100

54.3

18.1

49.4–59.1

Overall score

38

0–80

66.1

16.5

60.7–71.5

< 0.001†

56

90–100

54.2

16.5

49.7–58.6

Clinical aspects

 Mutation type

VAS

25

TSC1

70.3

18.0

62.9–77.8

0.099

31

TSC2

61.0

23.5

52.3–69.6

Overall score

25

TSC1

68.8

17.3

61.6–75.9

0.424

31

TSC2

63.0

21.4

55.2–70.9

 Active epilepsy

VAS

49

Yes

56.7

19.4

51.2–62.3

0.003†

71

No

68.8

20.5

64.0–73.7

Overall score

49

Yes

52.1

17.7

47.0–57.2

< 0.001†

71

No

71.7

16.7

67.8–75.7

 Structural brain

VAS

85

Yes

62.3

20.9

57.8–66.8

0.232

35

No

67.7

20.5

60.6–74.7

Overall score

85

Yes

60.5

20.1

56.2–64.8

0.007†

35

No

71.5

16.3

65.9–77.1

 SEGA

VAS

50

Yes

62.0

22.1

55.7–68.3

0.458

70

No

65.2

20.0

60.5–70.0

Overall score

50

Yes

59.4

20.1

53.7–65.2

0.041

70

No

66.7

18.9

62.2–71.2

 Neuropsychiatric

VAS

59

Yes

55.1

20.4

49.8–60.5

< 0.001†

61

No

72.3

17.6

67.8–76.9

Overall score

59

Yes

53.2

18.0

48.5–57.9

< 0.001†

61

No

73.8

15.4

69.9–77.8

 AML

VAS

70

Yes

61.5

22.3

56.2–66.9

0.146

50

No

67.2

18.4

61.9–72.4

Overall score

70

Yes

63.6

20.8

58.6–68.5

0.819

50

No

63.9

18.2

58.7–69.0

 Lymphangioleiomyomatosis

VAS

12

Yes

63.3

14.4

54.2–72.5

0.829

108

No

63.9

21.5

59.8–68.1

Overall score

12

Yes

70.2

14.9

60.8–79.7

0.256

108

No

63.0

20.0

59.2–66.8

 Skin

VAS

115

Yes

63.8

20.9

59.9–67.7

0.822

5

No

66.0

20.7

40.3–91.8

Overall score

115

Yes

63.7

19.6

60.1–67.3

0.855

5

No

63.3

22.9

34.8–91.8

 Number of affected organs

VAS

31

1–3

76.7

16.7

70.6–82.8

Ref

< 0.001†

72

4–6

62.2

19.2

57.7–66.7

0.001

17

7–8

47.7

21.6

36.6–58.8

< 0.001

Overall score

31

1–3

71.7

18.4

65.0–78.5

Ref

0.007†

72

4–6

62.8

18.9

58.4–67.2

0.026

17

7–8

52.9

20.0

42.6–63.2

0.002

Therapeutic aspects

 Anti-seizure medication polytherapya

VAS

52

Yes

58.1

19.0

52.8–64.4

0.178

31

No

64.8

20.1

57.4–72.2

Overall score

52

Yes

54.9

17.8

49.9–59.8

0.032

31

No

63.5

18.6

56.6–70.3

 Everolimus

VAS

51

Yes

59.3

22.0

53.1–65.5

0.063

69

No

67.3

19.4

62.6–71.9

Overall score

51

Yes

60.5

20.0

54.9–66.1

0.212

69

No

66.1

19.1

61.5–70.7

 LAEP

VAS

36

< 35

76.7

18.0

70.6–82.8

< 0.001†

83

≥35

58.0

19.3

53.8–62.2

Overall score

36

< 35

80.5

12.7

76.2–84.7

< 0.001†

83

≥35

56.0

17.2

52.3–59.8

  1. AML angiomyolipoma, CI confidence interval, LAEP Liverpool Adverse Events Profile, QOLIE-31 Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory-31 items, ref. reference category, SD standard deviation, SEGA subependymal giant cell astrocytoma, TSC tuberous sclerosis complex, VAS visual analogue scale, y years
  2. aIncludes only individuals with TSC-associated epilepsy/seizures
  3. *Comparisons corrected for multiple testing using the Benjamini–Hochberg false-discovery rate method, † and bold type denotes a q-value of < 0.05 (false-discovery rate)