Table 3 Descriptive statistics and results of the regression models
Variable | International model | German model | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Description | OR (95% CI) | Description | OR (95% CI) | |
Patient characteristic | ||||
Age, mean ± SD, years | 66.9 ± 9.9 | 68.7 ± 9.1 | 0.86 (0.78–0.96) | |
Sex, n (%) | ||||
Male | 1444 (59.2) | 1.36 (1.03–1.8) | 107 (60.5) | |
Female | 994 (40.8) | Reference | 70 (39.5) | |
Time since PD diagnosis, mean ± SD, years | 7.7 ± 5.9 | 1.12 (1.08–1.16) | 8.0 ± 6.2 | 1.34 (1.11–1.63) |
UPDRS V: Modified Hoehn & Yahr Staging, mean ± SD | 2.5 ± 0.8 | 2.04 (1.57–2.65) | 2.7 ± 0.9 | 5.74 (1.34–24.58) |
Treatment | ||||
Number of current oral treatments, mean ± SD | 2.0 ± 1.1 | 1.19 (1.03–1.37) | 2.1 ± 1.0 | 0.46 (0.18–1.18) |
Delphi 7. ≥ 5 times daily oral levodopa dosing | ||||
Yes | 740 (30.5) | 2.02 (1.47–2.79) | 75 (42.6) | |
No | 1687 (69.5) | Reference | 101 (57.4) | |
Current device-aided treatment (ongoing/about to start), n (%) | ||||
Yes | 549 (22.6) | 8.68 (5.45–13.82) | 31 (17.6) | |
No | 1883 (77.4) | Reference | 145 (82.4) | |
Dyskinesia | ||||
UPDRS IV Q32: Dyskinesia (duration), n (%) | ||||
0–25% of day | 2074 (85.4) | Reference | 152 (85.9) | |
26–100% of day | 355 (14.6) | 1.44 (0.95–2.19) | 25 (14.1) | |
Delphi 4. ≥ 2 h of the day with troublesome dyskinesia | ||||
Yes | 406 (17) | 1.60 (1.02–2.49) | 26 (15.4) | |
No | 1985 (83) | Reference | 143 (84.6) | |
Motor symptom | ||||
Motor fluctuations, n (%) | ||||
Yes | 1352 (55.5) | 3.79 (2.78–5.17) | 110 (62.1) | 49.72 (8.47–291.91) |
No | 1086 (44.5) | Reference | 67 (37.9) | Reference |
UPDRS III: Motor examination, mean ± SD | 25.7 ± 13.9 | 25.6 ± 12.1 | 1.09 (0.99–1.20) | |
Delphi 6. “off” time ≥ every 3 h | ||||
Yes | 546 (22.4) | 1.56 (1.05–2.33) | 40 (22.6) | |
No | 1888 (77.6) | Reference | 137 (77.4) | |
Daily living | ||||
Patient requires help at home with daily activities | ||||
Yes | 1146 (47.3) | 1.78 (1.30–2.43) | 99 (56.3) | |
No/not applicable | 1275 (52.7) | Reference | 77 (43.8) | |
Patient lives at a nursing home/other | ||||
Yes | 56 (2.3) | 4.64 (1.70–12.69) | 5 (2.8) | |
No | 2379 (97.7) | Reference | 172 (97.2) | |
UPDRS II: Activities of daily living, mean ± SD | 12.5 ± 8.2 | 1.04 (1.00–1.07) | 13.9 ± 6.7 | |
Delphi 8. Moderate or severe limitation of activities of daily living | ||||
Yes | 854 (35.5) | 1.38 (0.97–1.96) | 70 (39.8) | |
No | 1550 (64.5) | Reference | 106 (60.2) | |
Health-related quality of life | ||||
PDQ-8 score, mean ± SD | 28.9 ± 19.8 | 1.01 (1.00–1.02) | 28.4 ± 17.4 | |
Non-motor symptom | ||||
NMSS score, mean ± SD | 46.4 ± 39.1 | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) | 52.6 ± 44.2 | |
Delphi 11. Moderate or severe psychosis | ||||
Yes | 100 (4.2) | 2.61 (1.16–5.88) | 7 (4.3) | |
No | 2290 (95.8) | Reference | 154 (95.7) | |
Delphi 5. Non-motor symptoms fluctuations | ||||
Yes | 938 (38.6) | 80 (45.2) | 4.31 (1.06–17.54) | |
No | 1492 (61.4) | 97 (54.8) | Reference | |
Physician characteristic | ||||
Unit part of a dedicated referral network for PD, n (%) | ||||
Yes | 1714 (70.3) | 1.40 (1.04–1.89) | 127 (71.8) | |
No | 724 (29.7) | Reference | 50 (28.2) | |
Field of specialty, n (%) | ||||
Neurologist (general) | 448 (18.5) | Reference | 41 (23.2) | Reference |
Neurologist (movement disorder specialist | 1636 (67.5) | 0.43 (0.29–0.61) | 60 (33.9) | 0.19 (0.03–1.16) |
Geriatrician | 20 (0.8) | 0.20 (0.02–2.78) | 0 (0.0) | |
Other | 22 (0.9) | 0.45 (0.09–2.32) | 0 (0.0) | |
Multiple | 299 (12.3) | 0.36 (0.21–0.61) | 76 (42.9) | 2.62 (0.44–15.45) |
Site characteristic | ||||
Site treatment algorithm, n (%) | ||||
Yes | 405 (16.8) | 2.83 (1.94–4.12) | 8 (4.5) | |
No | 2007 (83.2) | Reference | 169 (95.5) | |