|
Patient characteristic
|
|
Age, mean ± SD, years
|
66.9 ± 9.9
| |
68.7 ± 9.1
|
0.86 (0.78–0.96)
|
|
Sex, n (%)
|
|
Male
|
1444 (59.2)
|
1.36 (1.03–1.8)
|
107 (60.5)
| |
|
Female
|
994 (40.8)
|
Reference
|
70 (39.5)
| |
|
Time since PD diagnosis, mean ± SD, years
|
7.7 ± 5.9
|
1.12 (1.08–1.16)
|
8.0 ± 6.2
|
1.34 (1.11–1.63)
|
|
UPDRS V: Modified Hoehn & Yahr Staging, mean ± SD
|
2.5 ± 0.8
|
2.04 (1.57–2.65)
|
2.7 ± 0.9
|
5.74 (1.34–24.58)
|
|
Treatment
|
|
Number of current oral treatments, mean ± SD
|
2.0 ± 1.1
|
1.19 (1.03–1.37)
|
2.1 ± 1.0
|
0.46 (0.18–1.18)
|
|
Delphi 7. ≥ 5 times daily oral levodopa dosing
|
|
Yes
|
740 (30.5)
|
2.02 (1.47–2.79)
|
75 (42.6)
| |
|
No
|
1687 (69.5)
|
Reference
|
101 (57.4)
| |
|
Current device-aided treatment (ongoing/about to start), n (%)
|
|
Yes
|
549 (22.6)
|
8.68 (5.45–13.82)
|
31 (17.6)
| |
|
No
|
1883 (77.4)
|
Reference
|
145 (82.4)
| |
|
Dyskinesia
|
|
UPDRS IV Q32: Dyskinesia (duration), n (%)
|
|
0–25% of day
|
2074 (85.4)
|
Reference
|
152 (85.9)
| |
|
26–100% of day
|
355 (14.6)
|
1.44 (0.95–2.19)
|
25 (14.1)
| |
|
Delphi 4. ≥ 2 h of the day with troublesome dyskinesia
|
|
Yes
|
406 (17)
|
1.60 (1.02–2.49)
|
26 (15.4)
| |
|
No
|
1985 (83)
|
Reference
|
143 (84.6)
| |
|
Motor symptom
|
|
Motor fluctuations, n (%)
|
|
Yes
|
1352 (55.5)
|
3.79 (2.78–5.17)
|
110 (62.1)
|
49.72 (8.47–291.91)
|
|
No
|
1086 (44.5)
|
Reference
|
67 (37.9)
|
Reference
|
|
UPDRS III: Motor examination, mean ± SD
|
25.7 ± 13.9
| |
25.6 ± 12.1
|
1.09 (0.99–1.20)
|
|
Delphi 6. “off” time ≥ every 3 h
|
|
Yes
|
546 (22.4)
|
1.56 (1.05–2.33)
|
40 (22.6)
| |
|
No
|
1888 (77.6)
|
Reference
|
137 (77.4)
| |
|
Daily living
|
|
Patient requires help at home with daily activities
|
|
Yes
|
1146 (47.3)
|
1.78 (1.30–2.43)
|
99 (56.3)
| |
|
No/not applicable
|
1275 (52.7)
|
Reference
|
77 (43.8)
| |
|
Patient lives at a nursing home/other
|
|
Yes
|
56 (2.3)
|
4.64 (1.70–12.69)
|
5 (2.8)
| |
|
No
|
2379 (97.7)
|
Reference
|
172 (97.2)
| |
|
UPDRS II: Activities of daily living, mean ± SD
|
12.5 ± 8.2
|
1.04 (1.00–1.07)
|
13.9 ± 6.7
| |
|
Delphi 8. Moderate or severe limitation of activities of daily living
|
|
Yes
|
854 (35.5)
|
1.38 (0.97–1.96)
|
70 (39.8)
| |
|
No
|
1550 (64.5)
|
Reference
|
106 (60.2)
| |
|
Health-related quality of life
|
|
PDQ-8 score, mean ± SD
|
28.9 ± 19.8
|
1.01 (1.00–1.02)
|
28.4 ± 17.4
| |
|
Non-motor symptom
|
|
NMSS score, mean ± SD
|
46.4 ± 39.1
|
1.00 (0.99–1.00)
|
52.6 ± 44.2
| |
|
Delphi 11. Moderate or severe psychosis
|
|
Yes
|
100 (4.2)
|
2.61 (1.16–5.88)
|
7 (4.3)
| |
|
No
|
2290 (95.8)
|
Reference
|
154 (95.7)
| |
|
Delphi 5. Non-motor symptoms fluctuations
|
|
Yes
|
938 (38.6)
| |
80 (45.2)
|
4.31 (1.06–17.54)
|
|
No
|
1492 (61.4)
| |
97 (54.8)
|
Reference
|
|
Physician characteristic
|
|
Unit part of a dedicated referral network for PD, n (%)
|
|
Yes
|
1714 (70.3)
|
1.40 (1.04–1.89)
|
127 (71.8)
| |
|
No
|
724 (29.7)
|
Reference
|
50 (28.2)
| |
|
Field of specialty, n (%)
|
|
Neurologist (general)
|
448 (18.5)
|
Reference
|
41 (23.2)
|
Reference
|
|
Neurologist (movement disorder specialist
|
1636 (67.5)
|
0.43 (0.29–0.61)
|
60 (33.9)
|
0.19 (0.03–1.16)
|
|
Geriatrician
|
20 (0.8)
|
0.20 (0.02–2.78)
|
0 (0.0)
| |
|
Other
|
22 (0.9)
|
0.45 (0.09–2.32)
|
0 (0.0)
| |
|
Multiple
|
299 (12.3)
|
0.36 (0.21–0.61)
|
76 (42.9)
|
2.62 (0.44–15.45)
|
|
Site characteristic
|
|
Site treatment algorithm, n (%)
|
|
Yes
|
405 (16.8)
|
2.83 (1.94–4.12)
|
8 (4.5)
| |
|
No
|
2007 (83.2)
|
Reference
|
169 (95.5)
| |
