Table 2 Details of diagnostic procedures and treatment of patients presenting with unilateral vision loss subsequently diagnosed with central retinal artery occlusion
Variable | Rate of positive responders, N (%) |
|---|---|
Emergency management | |
Patients with UVL assessed in ED | 117/135 (86.7) |
Specific hospital guideline available | 62/138 (44.9) |
First-line evaluation by ophthalmologists | 43/136 (31.6) |
First-line evaluation by neurologists | 85/136 (62.5) |
Lack of ophthalmological expertise / department | 70/135 (51.9) |
Ophthalmological emergency assessment | |
Fundoscopy | 59/135 (43.7) |
Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography | 11/135 (8.1) |
Neurology consultation | 51/135 (37.8) |
Neurological emergency assessment | |
Ophthalmology consultation | 81/135 (60.0) |
Computed tomography | 119/138 (86.2) |
Computed tomography angiography | 109/135 (80.7) |
Magnetic resonance imaging | 26/135 (19.3) |
Magnetic resonance angiography | 26/135 (19.3) |
Carotid ultrasound | 100/135 (74.1) |
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate | 101/135 (74.8) |
Ophthalmological treatment | |
Ocular massage | 20/129 (15.5) |
Hyperbaric oxygen treatment | 0/129 (0.0) |
Paracentesis | 3/129 (2.3) |
Acetazolamid | 6/129 (4.7) |
Isovolemic hemodilution | 13/129 (10.1) |
Neurological treatment | |
Intravenous thrombolysis | 74/129 (57.4) |
Intraarterial thrombolysis | 6/129 (4.7) |
In-patient treatment neurology | 97/128 (75.8) |
Admission to a stroke unit | 92/97 (94.8) |
Stroke work-up | |
Extracranial ultrasound | 121/128 (94.5) |
Transcranial ultrasound | 119/128 (93.0) |
ECG monitoring | 113/128 (88.3) |
Transthoracic echocardiography | 102/128 (79.7) |
Transoesophageal echocardiography | 68/128 (53.1) |
Secondary prevention | |
Antiplatelet therapy | 121/128 (94.5) |
Anticoagulation | 116/128 (90.6) |
Statin therapy | 114/128 (89.1) |