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Table 2 Flying/driving interventionalists concepts with and without a telestroke setting in suspected AIS due to LVO

From: Telestroke networks for area-wide access to endovascular stroke treatment

Reference [No.]

Morey et al. 2020 [48]

Hubert et al. 2022 [53]

Telestroke setting

Without teleneurology

With teleneurology

Number of patients

198

157

Vascular screening criteria

Anterior and vertebrobasilar circulation, LVO

Anterior and vertebrobasilar circulation, LVO

Center type

CSC/MS

PSC/DS

PSC/MIST

Spoke/DS

Spoke/FIT

Proportion of patients [%]

10.1

57.6

32.3

45.9

54.1

Age [years]

66.8 (± 12.3)**

68.3 (± 14.9)**

69.0 (± 12.8)**

75 (66–79)*

77 (67–82)*

NIHSS at admission

16.6 (± 7.5)**

17.5 (± 6.1)**

15.4 (± 6.1)**

13 (8–18)*

15 (10–18)*

IVT [%]

45.0

45.6

45.3

68

69

EVT [%]

100

100

100

67

83

Initial door to groin [min]

114.3 (± 49.5)**

231.6 (± 102.1)**

144.4 (± 57.7)**;

p < 0.05 versus DS

212 (185–252)*

112 (96–132)*

First imaging to groin [min]

89.8 (± 34.7)**

203.5 (± 91.9)**

126.3 (± 54.4)**

p < 0.05 versus DS

194 (167–226)*

101 (86–115)*

Favorable outcome [mRS 0–2) [%]

(3 months) 40.0

(3 months) 38.9

(3 months) 52.8

(3 months) 39

(3 months) 44

ICH [%]

No data

No data

No data

(Symptomatic) 16

(Symptomatic) 7

Mortality [%]

No data

No data

No data

(3 months) 19

(3 months) 25

  1. It should be noted that further studies on driving interventionalist models exist, but no detailed description regarding the usage of teleneurology has been provided. The very thorough designed study by Morey et al. was included here as an illustrative example
  2. AIS Acute ischemic stroke; CSC Comprehensive stroke center; DS Drip-and-ship model; EMS Contact with emergency medical service; EVT Endovascular treatment; FIT Flying interventionalists model; ICH Intracerebral hemorrhage; IVT Intravenous thrombolysis; LVO Large vessel occlusion; MIST Mobile interventional stroke team model; mRS Modified rankin scale; MS Mothership model; NIHSS National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; Spoke telemedical site with stroke care
  3. *Median (IQR); **mean (SD); bold statistically significant (p < 0.05)