Table 1 Characteristics of enrolled ICH and AIS patients. The effect size – Cohen’s d – for the derivation and validation cohort as well as the p-values for Chi-Square and non-parametric Mann-Whitney-U as well as Fisher’s exact test (not adjusted for multiple testing) are depicted
From: Probability assessment of intracerebral hemorrhage in prehospital emergency patients
A) Derivation cohort | |||||
All patients (n = 416) AIS/TIA/ SM (n = 384) TIA patients (n = 41) SM patients (n = 119) | ICH patients (n = 32) | AIS patients (n = 224) | Cohen’s d (pooled SD) AIS-ICH Chi-Square test# Mann-Whitney-U test* | ||
Age (years) [95% CI] | 71.5 ± 11.4 [67.3, 75.6] | 74.9 ± 12.4 [73.3, 76.6] | 0.3 (12.3) p = 0.11* | ||
No. of female patients (relative No. in %) | 13 (40.6%) | 127 (56.7%) | p = 0.02# | ||
SP (mmHg) (mean average ± SD) [95% CI] | 197 ± 34 [185, 210] | 164 ± 32 [160, 168] | 1.0 (32.5) p < 0.01* | ||
DP (mmHg) (mean average ± SD) [95% CI] | 110 ± 28 [99, 120] | 94 ± 23 [91, 97] | 0.7 (23.4) p < 0.01* | ||
Mean arterial pressure (mmHg) (mean average ± SD) [95% CI] | 139 ± 28 [129, 149] | 117 ± 24 [114, 120] | 0.9 (24.4) p < 0.01* | ||
SP ≥ 180 mmHg (relative No. in %) | 21 (65.6%) | 72 (32.1%) | p < 0.01# | ||
DP ≥ 110 mmHg (relative No. in %) | 10 (31.3%) | 42 (18.8%) | p = 0.1# | ||
MAP ≥ 130 mmHg (relative No. in %) | 17 (53.1%) | 55 (24.6%) | p < 0.01# | ||
NIHSS (points) [median (IQR)] | 15 (15) | 7 (12) | n. a. | ||
NIHSS ≥ 10 No. of patients (in %) | 19 (59.4%) | 90 (40.2%) | p = 0.04# | ||
NIHSS ≥ 15 No. of patients (in %) | 16 (50.0%) | 58 (25.9%) | p = 0.01# | ||
NIHSS (LOC) (mean average ± SD) [95% CI] | 0.5 ± 0.9 [0.2, 0.8] | 0.2 ± 0.5 [0.2, 0.3] | 0.5 (0.6) p = 0.11* | ||
NIHSS (LOC) ≥ 1 No. of patients (in %) | 9 (28.1%) | 39 (17.4%) | p = 0.15# | ||
Arterial hypertension No. of patients (in %) | 26 (81.3%) | 173 (77.2%) | p = 0.61# | ||
Atrial fibrillation No. of patients (in %) | 6 (18.8%) | 94 (42.0%) | p = 0.01# | ||
Seizure No. of patients (in %) | 0 | 2 (0.9%) | n. a. | ||
ph-ICH score (points) (mean average ± SD) | 1.8 ± 1.2 | 1.0 ± 0.9 | 0.9 (0.9) p < 0.01* | ||
B) Validation cohort | |||||
All patients (n = 285) | ICH patients (n = 33) | AIS patients (n = 252) | Cohen’s d (pooled SD) AIS-ICH Chi-Square test# Mann-Whitney-U test* Fisher’s exact test+ | ||
Age (years) [95% CI] | 73.3 ± 11.4 [69.2, 77.4] | 73.9 ± 13.9 [72.2, 75.7] | 0.1 (13.7) p = 0.63* | ||
No. of female patients (relative No. in %) | 15 (45.5%) | 119 (47.2%) | p = 0.85# | ||
SP (mmHg) (mean average ± SD) [95% CI] | 189 ± 35 [176, 202] | 163 ± 31 [159, 166] | 0.9 (31.2) p < 0.01* | ||
DP (mmHg) (mean average ± SD) [95% CI] | 104 ± 29 [94, 115] | 87 ± 18 [85, 89] | 0.9 (19.1) p < 0.01* | ||
Mean arterial pressure (mmHg) (mean average ± SD) [95% CI] | 133 ± 29 [122, 143] | 112 ± 19 [110, 114] | 1.0 (20.6) p < 0.01* | ||
SP ≥ 180 mmHg (relative No. in %) | 20 (60.6%) | 83 (32.9%) | p < 0.01# | ||
DP ≥ 110 mmHg (relative No. in %) | 14 (42.4%) | 25 (9.9%) | p < 0.01+ | ||
MAP ≥ 130 mmHg (relative No. in %) | 16 (48.5%) | 45 (17.9%) | p < 0.01# | ||
NIHSS (points) [median (IQR)] | 15 (12) | 6 (9) | n. a. | ||
NIHSS ≥ 10 No. of patients (in %) | 23 (69.7%) | 76 (30.2%) | p < 0.01# | ||
NIHSS ≥ 15 No. of patients (in %) | 17 (51.5%) | 44 (17.5%) | p < 0.01# | ||
NIHSS (LOC) (mean average ± SD) [95% CI] | 0.5 ± 0.8 [0.2, 0.7] | 0.1 ± 0.3 [0.1, 0.1] | 1.0 (0.4) p < 0.01* | ||
NIHSS (LOC) ≥ 1 No. of patients (in %) | 11 (33.3%) | 15 (6.0%) | p < 0.01+ | ||
Arterial hypertension No. of patients (in %) | 31 (93.9%) | 210 (83.3%) | p = 0.11# | ||
Atrial fibrillation No. of patients (in %) | 5 (15.2%) | 79 (31.3%) | p = 0.06# | ||
ph-ICH score (points) (mean average ± SD) | 1.8 ± 0.9 | 0.8 ± 0.7 | 1.4 (0.7) p < 0.01* | ||
C) ph-ICH score with single items | |||||
All patients – Derivation cohort (n = 416) | ICH patients (n = 32) | AIS/TIA/ SM patients (n = 384) | AIS patients (n = 224) | TIA patients (n = 41) | SM patients (n = 119) |
SP ≥ 180 mmHg (relative No. in %) | 21 (65.6%) | 106 (27.6%) | 72 (32.1%) | 9 (22.0%) | 25 (21.0%) |
NIHSS (LOC) ≥ 1 No. of patients (in %) | 9 (28.1%) | 56 (14.6%) | 39 (17.4%) | 1 (2.4%) | 16 (13.5%) |
NIHSS item: LOC (mean average ± SD) [95% CI] | 0.5 ± 0.9 [0.2, 0.8] | 0.2 ± 0.5 [0.1, 0.2] | 0.2 ± 0.5 [0.2, 0.3] | 0.0 ± 0.3 [0.0, 0.2] | 0.2 ± 0.5 [0.1, 0.3] |
NIHSS item: following commands (mean average ± SD) [95% CI] | 0.8 ± 0.9 [0.5, 1.1] | 0.4 ± 0.7 [0.4, 0.5] | 0.5 ± 0.8 [0.4, 0.6] | 0.3 ± 0.7 [0.1, 0.5] | 0.4 ± 0.7 [0.3, 0.6] |
NIHSS item: visual field (mean average ± SD) [95% CI] | 0.5 ± 0.8 [0.2, 0.8] | 0.2 ± 0.6 [0.2, 0.3] | 0.2 ± 0.6 [0.1, 0.3] | 0.3 ± 0.8 [0.1, 0.6] | 0.2 ± 0.6 [0.1, 0.3] |
NIHSS item: motor weakness (right arm) (mean average ± SD) [95% CI] | 1.8 ± 1.8 [1.1, 2.4] | 0.6 ± 1.1 [0.5, 0.7] | 0.8 ± 1.3 [0.6, 1.0] | 0.1 ± 0.4 [0.0, 0.2] | 0.3 ± 0.8 [0.2, 0.5] |
NIHSS item: motor weakness (left arm) (mean average ± SD) [95% CI] | 1.4 ± 1.7 [0.8, 2.0] | 0.7 ± 1.3 [0.6, 0.9] | 0.9 ± 1.5 [0.7, 1.1] | 0.4 ± 1.1 [0.1, 0.8] | 0.5 ± 1.1 [0.3, 0.7] |
NIHSS item: motor weakness (right leg) (mean average ± SD) [95% CI] | 1.6 ± 1.7 [1.0, 2.2] | 0.6 ± 1.1 [0.5, 0.7] | 0.7 ± 1.3 [0.6, 0.9] | 0.2 ± 0.6 [0.0, 0.4] | 0.4 ± 0.9 [0.3, 0.6] |
NIHSS item: motor weakness (left leg) (mean average ± SD) [95% CI] | 1.2 ± 1.6 [0.7, 1.8] | 0.7 ± 1.2 [0.6, 0.8] | 0.9 ± 1.4 [0.7, 1.1] | 0.3 ± 0.9 [0.1, 0.6] | 0.5 ± 1.1 [0.3, 0.7] |
NIHSS item: sensory disturbance (mean average ± SD) [95% CI] | 1.3 ± 0.9 [0.9, 1.6] | 0.5 ± 0.8 [0.5, 0.6] | 0.7 ± 0.8 [0.6, 0.8] | 0.2 ± 0.5 [0.1, 0.4] | 0.3 ± 0.6 [0.2, 0.4] |
ph-ICH score | 1.8 ± 1.2 | 0.8 ± 0.8 | 1.0 ± 0.9 | 0.4 ± 0.6 | 0.6 ± 0.7 |
All patients – Validation cohort (n = 285) | ICH patients (n = 33) | AIS patients (n = 252) | |||
SP ≥ 180 mmHg (relative No. in %) | 20 (60.6%) | 83 (32.9%) | |||
NIHSS (LOC) ≥ 1 No. of patients (in %) | 11 (33.3%) | 15 (6.0%) | |||
NIHSS item: LOC (mean average ± SD) [95% CI] | 0.5 ± 0.8 [0.2, 0.7] | 0.1 ± 0.3 [0.0, 0.1] | |||
NIHSS item: following commands (mean average ± SD) [95% CI] | 0.7 ± 0.8 [0.4, 1.0] | 0.3 ± 0.7 [0.2, 0.4] | |||
NIHSS item: visual field (mean average ± SD) [95% CI] | 0.2 ± 0.6 [0.0, 0.4] | 0.3 ± 0.6 [0.2, 0.3] | |||
NIHSS item: motor weakness (right arm) (mean average ± SD) [95% CI] | 1.3 ± 1.7 [0.8, 1.9] | 0.6 ± 1.2 [0.5, 0.8] | |||
NIHSS item: motor weakness (left arm) (mean average ± SD) [95% CI] | 1.9 ± 1.8 [1.2, 2.5] | 0.8 ± 1.3 [0.7, 1.0] | |||
NIHSS item: motor weakness (right leg) (mean average ± SD) [95% CI] | 1.4 ± 1.7 [0.8, 2.0] | 0.6 ± 1.3 [0.5, 0.8] | |||
NIHSS item: motor weakness (left leg) (mean average ± SD) [95% CI] | 1.5 ± 1.7 [0.9, 2.1] | 0.8 ± 1.4 [0.6, 1.0] | |||
NIHSS item: sensory disturbance (mean average ± SD) [95% CI] | 1.0 ± 0.8 [0.7, 1.3] | 0.5 ± 0.7 [0.4, 0.6] | |||
ph-ICH score | 1.8 ± 0.9 | 0.8 ± 0.7 | |||