Table 2 Predictors associated with good long-term outcome after undergoing mechanical thrombectomy assessed by telephone and dichotomized mRS (mRS = 0–2 versus greater than or equal to 3)

Age

67.0 ± 15.5

73.7 ± 13.5

U = 3007.000, Z = 2.867, p = 0.004^c

Sex—Female

28/60 (46.7%)

43/78 (55.1%)

0.972/0.324^a

Aetiology of stroke

 LAAS

10 (16.9%)

8 (11.8%)

 CES

27 (45.8%)

39 (57.4%)

 Other

5 (8.5%)

6 (8.8%)

 Cryptogenic stroke

17 (28.8%)

15 (22.1%)

1.992/0.574^a

 Event to door time

 ≤ 2 h

21/52 (40.4%)

27/61 (44.3%)

0.173/0.678^a

 Door to needle time

37.1 ± 18.5 min

47.1 ± 22.2 min

U = 478.500,

(Median 35)

(Median 40.5)

Z = 1.713, p = 0.089^c

 Door to groin time

92.0 ± 43.7 min

101.2 ± 73.0 min

U = 1730.000, Z = 0.021, p = 0.983^c

Median: 86

Median: 81.5

 Intravenous thrombolysis

29/60 (48.3%)

26/78 (33.3%)

3.183/0.074^a

 Local intra-arterial thrombolysis

2/60 (3.3%)

1/78 (1.3%)

–^d

Severity indices on admission

 Modified Rankin Scale on admission

4.0 ± 1.1

4.4 ± 0.9

U = 2397.000, Z = 1.909, p = 0.056^c

Median: 4.0

Median: 5

 Modified Rankin Scale on admission

Score 0: 1 (1.8%)

Score 0: 0 (0%)

5.720/0.221^a

Score 1: 0 (0%)

Score 1: 0 (0%)

Score 2: 3 (5.5%)

Score 2: 1 (1.4%)

Score 3: 13 (23.6%)

Score 3: 15 (20.3%)

Score 4: 13 (23.6%)

Score 4: 12 (16.2%)

Score 5: 25 (45.5%)

Score 5: 46 (62.2%)

 NIHSS on admission

11.5 ± 5.5

17.1 ± 7.6

U = 2997.500, Z = 4.360, p < 0.001^c

Median: 12.5

Median: 16.5

 NIHSS after 24 h

5.2 ± 5.4

14.8 ± 8.6

U = 2481.500, Z = 6.305, p < 0.001^c

Median: 3

Median: 14

 Delta NIHSS baseline to 24 h ≥ 8

21/51 (41.2%)

12/51 (23.5%)

3.628/0.057^a

 NIHSS ≤ 10 after 24 h

48/55 (87.3%)

18/53 (34.0%)

32.277 / < 0.001^a

Thrombectomy parameters

 Occluded target vessel

  M1

36/60 (60.0%)

53/78 (67.9%)

0.936/0.333^a

  M2

21/60 (35.0%)

27/78 (34.6%)

0.002/0.962^a

  M3

4/60 (6.7%)

2/78 (2.6%)

–^d

  ICA

16/60 (26.7%)

25/78 (32.1%)

0.471/0.493^a

  Basilar artery

3/60 (5.0%)

6/78 (7.7%)

–^d

  VA

1/60 (1.7%)

0/78 (0%)

–^d

  ACA

5/60 (8.3%)

14/78 (17.9%)

2.641/0.104^a

  PCA

3/60 (5.0%)

4/78 (5.1%)

–^d

  ACC

0/60 (0%)

1/78 (1.3%)

–^d

  SUCA

0/60 (0%)

2/78 (2.6%)

–^d

  ACP

0/60 (0%)

1/78 (1.3%)

–^d

 Thrombectomy technique

  Single (vs. multiple) aspirations

25/60 (41.7%)

34/78 (44.2%)

0.085/0.770^a

  Stent retriever

33/60 (55.0%)

47/78 (61.0%)

0.506/0.477^a

  Angioplasty

3/60 (5.0%)

0/78 (0%)

–^d

  Stentimplantation

14/60 (23.3%)

7/78 (9.0%)

5.420/0.020^a

 Result of thrombectomy

  TICI3

46/60 (76.7%)

45/78 (57.7%)

5.437/0.020^a

 TICI2b or TICI3

58/60 (96.7%)

70/78 (89.7%)

2.418/0.120^a

Risk factors

 Hypertension

49/60 (81.7%)

71/78 (91.0%)

2.619/0.106^a

 Systolic blood pressure on admission

154.7 ± 27.8 mm Hg

153.4 ± 26.3 mm Hg

U = 2023.000, Z = 0.100, p = 0.920^c

 Diastolic blood pressure on admission

85.3 ± 15.0 mm Hg

86.6 ± 19.0 mm Hg

U = 1998.500, Z = 0.084, p = 0.933^c

 Diabetes mellitus

10/60 (16.7%)

13/78 (16.7%)

0.000/1.000^a

 Blood glucose level on admission

130.8 ± 53.0 mg/dl

130.3 ± 31.2 mg/dl

U = 2492.500, Z = 1.255, p = 0.209^c

 HbA1c

40.6 ± 11.9 mmol/mol

40.4 ± 7.7 mmol/mol

U = 2400.000, Z = 0.950, p = 0.342^c

 Cholesterol level on admission

174.6 ± 45.2 mg/dl

174.1 ± 42.7 mg/dl

U = 2157.500, Z = 0.280, p = 0.780^c

 LDL level on admission

110.2 ± 42.3 mg/dl

113.1 ± 40.4 mg/dl

U = 2318.000, Z = 0.439, p = 0.661^c

 Statine therapy on admission

11/44 (25.0%)

23/63 (36.5%)

1.583/0.208^a

 CRP level on admission

12.6 ± 28.6 mg/dl

13.1 ± 22.9 mg/dl

U = 2592.000, Z = 1.596, p = 0.110^c

 Atrial fibrillation

22/60 (36.7%)

43/78 (55.1%)

4.639/0.031^a

 Former stroke

14/60 (23.3%)

21/78 (26.9%)

0.231/0.631^a

 Antiaggregant therapy on admission

18/46 (39.1%)

24/64 (37.5%)

0.030/0.862^a

 Oral anticoagulation on admission

4/60 (6.7%)

6/78 (7.7%)

–^d

(INR >  = 1.7) or (AntiXa >  = 0.4 IU/ml) or (thrombin time >  = 42 s)

Cardial diagnostics

 Regional wall motion abnormality in TTE

3/39 (7.7%)

13/55 (23.6%)

–^d

 PFO in TEE

10/29 (34.5%)

6/29 (20.7%)

1.381/0.240^a

 Aortal plaques in TEE

25/27 (92.6%)

21/26 (80.8%)

1.615/0.204^a

 Other abnormalities in TEE

13/29 (44.8%)

6/28 (21.4%)

3.510/0.061^a

Complications

 Intracerebral bleeding

19/60 (31.7%)

37/77 (48.1%)

3.746/0.053^a

 Symptomatic bleeding

0/60 (0%)

1/78 (1.3%)

–^d

 Seizure

1/60 (1.7%)

3/78 (3.8%)

–^d

 Recurrent stroke/TIA within 72 h

0/60 (0%)

0/78 (0%)

–^d

 Recurrent stroke after discharge

5/59 (8.5%)

4/43 (9.3%)

–^d

 Infection within 72 h

22/60 (36.7%)

49/78 (62.8%)

9.287/0.002^a

 Delirium

3/60 (5.0%)

5/78 (6.4%)

–^d

 MRI parameters

 Volume of infarction

42.1 ± 37.8 ml

61.4 ± 66.8 ml

U = 66.000, Z = 0.903, p = 0.928^c

 Degree of cerebral microangiopathy (Fazekas’ Score)

0: 8/16 (50.0%)

0: 3/13 (23.1%)

U = 138.000, Z = 0.111, p = 0.144^c

1: 6/16 (37.5%)

1: 6/13 (46.2%)

2: 1/16 (6.3%)

2: 2/13 (15.4%)

3: 1/16 (6.3%)

3: 2/13 (15.4%)

 Fragmented infarction

15/16 (93.8%)

10/12 (83.3%)

0.778/0.378^a

 Fragmented infarction

Singular: 1/16 (6.3%)

Singular: 2/9 (22.2%)

U = 47.500, Z = 0.144, p = 0.169^c

 ≥ 1 and < 5: 5/16 (31.3%)

 ≥ 1 and < 5: 4/9 (44.4%)

5—< 10: 3/16 (18.8%)

5—< 10: 1/9 (11.1%)

 ≥ 10: 7/16 (43.8%)

 ≥ 10: 2/9 (22.2%)

 Multi territorial infarction

7/17 (41.2%)

5/12 (41.7%)

0.001/0.979^a

 Brainstem or cerebellum involvement

5/17 (29.4%)

3/11 (27.3%)

–^d

 Involvement posterior circulation area

6/17 (35.3%)

5/12 (41.7%)

0.121/0.728^a

 Involvement anterior circulation area

13/17 (76.5%)

9/12 (75.0%)

0.008/0.927^a

Recent therapy

 Antiaggregant therapy at telephone interview

29/58 (50.0%)

18/43 (41.9%)

0.658/0.417^a

 Oral anticoagulation at telephone interview

26/59 (44.1%)

24/43 (55.8%)

1.373/0.241^a

 Statine therapy at telephone interview

46/58 (79.3%)

29/43 (67.4%)

1.820/0.177^a

 Antihypertensive therapy at telephone interview

43/58 (74.1%)

40/43 (93.0%)

6.013/0.014^a

 Antidepressive therapy at telephone interview

9/58 (15.5%)

10/43 (23.3%)

0.968/0.325^a

 EQ-5D-5L (HRQoL)

mRS 0–2 (n = 60)

mRS 3–5 (n = 43)

 Mobility

1: 45.0%

1: 2.3%

U = 2194.500, Z = 6.221, p < 0.001

2: 28.3%

2: 14.0%

3: 20.0%

3: 37.2%

4: 5.0%

4: 25.6%

5: 1.7%

5: 20.9%

 Self-care

1: 73.3%

1: 16.3%

U = 2187.000, Z = 6.431, p < 0.001

2: 16.7%

2: 11.6%

3: 5.0%

3: 16.3%

4: 1.7%

4: 25.6%

5: 3.3%

5: 30.2%

 Usual activities

1: 51.7%

1: 2.3%

U = 2234.500, Z = 6.482, p < 0.001

2: 23.3%

2: 9.3%

3: 10.0%

3: 25.6%

4: 11.7%

4: 27.9%

5: 3.3%

5: 34.9%

 Pain/discomfort

1: 46.7%

1: 41.9%

U = 1393.000, Z = 0.731, p = 0.465

2: 20.0%

2: 16.3%

3: 23.3%

3: 27.9%

4: 8.3%

4: 14.0%

5: 1.7%

5: 0%

 Anxiety/depression

1: 36.7%

1: 18.6%

U = 1530.000, Z = 1.661, p = 0.097

2: 20.0%

2: 30.2%

3: 28.3%

3: 25.6%

4: 15.0%

4: 25.6%

5: 0%

5: 0%