From: Creative thinking and cognitive estimation in Parkinson’s disease
PD (n = 20) | HC (n = 21) | PD versus HC (p value) | Effect size, Cohen’s d | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Women/Men | 10/10 | 11/10 | n.s | |
Age (years) | 68.1 (9.9) | 67.3 (7.3) | n.s | |
Education (years) | 12.2 (2.9) | 13.0 (3.0) | n.s | |
Total LEDD (mg) | 570 (311) | – | – | |
UPDRS part III | 18.1 (10.9) | – | – | |
Disease duration (years) | 7.15 (5.5) | – | – | |
PANDA | 23.93 (4.1) | 25.1 (3.6) | n.s | 0.30 |
BDI-II | 9.4 (4.9) | 5.8 (3.9) | 0.014 | 0.81 |
RWT „M”a | 53.7 (31.5) | 55.9 (29.9) | n.s | 0.07 |
RWT „G-R”a | 48.3 (29.3) | 58.9 (27.7) | n.s | 0.37 |
RWT „Food items “a | 45.8 (26.3) | 66.8 (23.7) | 0.01 | 0.84 |
RWT „Sports-Fruits “a | 55.2 (23.4) | 69.1 (24.3) | n.s | 0.58 |
FWIT (interference)b | 54.7 (8.4) | 61.2 (10.6) | 0.038 | 0.68 |
CVLT List A (total)a | 15.5 (26.5) | 28.3 (24.6) | n.s | 0.50 |
CVLT List B (total)a | 21.9 (21.5) | 31.1 (27.7) | n.s | 0.37 |
CVLT delayed free recalla | 22.8 (28.6) | 22.3 (21.6) | n.s | 0.02 |
CVLT cued recalla | 20.2 (23.8) | 31.4 (22.9) | n.s | 0.47 |
LPS 3a | 73.6 (19.6) | 64.9 (27.6) | n.s | 0.36 |
LPS 4a | 79.6 (17.8) | 73.4 (23.5) | n.s | 0.29 |
TAP alertness without warningc | 337 (82) | 285 (61) | 0.03 | 0.72 |
TAP alertness with warningc | 305 (74) | 274 (55) | n.s | 0.51 |
TAP Go/noGoc | 464 (70) | 428 (72) | n.s | 0.50 |
TAP Go/noGo, #errorsd | 1.4 (1.3) | 2.1 (2.4) | n.s | 0.014 |